一、支持yaffs烧写文件系统
先直接烧写试一下
TQ2440 # nand write.yaffs32000000 rootfs $filesize
NAND write: device 0 offset0x360000, size 0x614ac0
Unknown nandcommand suffix '.yaffs'.
不认识的后缀‘.yaffs’
搜索.yaffs
Cmd_nand.c(u-boot-2012.04.01\common): } elseif (!strcmp(s, ".yaffs")) {
#ifdefCONFIG_CMD_NAND_YAFFS
} else if (!strcmp(s, ".yaffs")){
if (read) {
printf("Unknown nand command suffix'%s'.\n", s);
return 1;
}
ret = nand_write_skip_bad(nand, off, &rwsize,
(u_char *)addr, WITH_YAFFS_OOB);
#endif
因为没有定义上面那个宏，修改配置文件include\configs\tq2440.h添加该宏
#defineCONFIG_CMD_NAND_YAFFS
重新编译，烧到开发板并重启，再次烧写yaffs文件系统
TQ2440 # nand erase 040000;tftp 32000000 u-boot.bin;nand write 32000000 0 40000
重启
TQ2440 # tftp 32000000rootfs.yaffs;nand erase.part rootfs;nand write.yaffs 32000000 rootfs $filesize
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id:0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bitmode
MAC: 00:0c:29:4d:e4:f4
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server172.28.12.60; our IP address is 172.28.12.10
Filename 'rootfs.yaffs'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: T#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
done
Bytes transferred = 6376128(614ac0 hex)
NAND erase.part: device 0offset 0x360000, size 0xfca0000
Skipping bad block at 0x08260000
Erasing at 0xffe0000 -- 100%complete.
OK
NAND write: device 0 offset0x360000, size 0x614ac0
6376128 bytes written: OK
TQ2440 # set bootargs root=/dev/mtdblock3 rootfstype=yaffs2init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200
TQ2440 # res 重启
resetting ...
U-Boot 2012.04.01 (Dec 312012 - 18:46:42)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: *** failed ***
NAND: 256 MiB
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
Hit any key to stopautoboot: 0
NAND read: device 0 offset0x60000, size 0x300000
3145728 bytes read: OK
## Booting kernel from LegacyImage at 32000000 ...
Image Name:Linux-2.6.36.4
Created:2012-12-31 10:56:09 UTC
Image Type:ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size:2186324 Bytes = 2.1 MiB
Load Address: 30008000
Entry Point:30008000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
Loading Kernel Image ... OK
OK
Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux... done,booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.36.4(root@zjh) (gcc version 4.4.3 (ctng-1.6.1) ) #5 Mon Dec 31 18:55:35 CST 2012
CPU: ARM920T [41129200]revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVTinstruction cache
Machine: SMDK2440
Memory policy: ECC disabled,Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2440A (id 0x32440001)
S3C24XX Clocks, Copyright2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C244X: core 400.000 MHz,memory 100.000 MHz, peripheral 50.000 MHz
CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
Built 1 zonelists in Zoneorder, mobility grouping on. Totalpages: 16256
Kernel command line:root=/dev/mtdblock3 rootfstype=yaffs2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200
PID hash table entries: 256(order: -2, 1024 bytes)
Dentry cache hash tableentries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Inode-cache hash tableentries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Memory: 64MB = 64MB total
Memory: 60532k/60532kavailable, 5004k reserved, 0K highmem
Virtual kernel memorylayout:
vector: 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( 4 kB)
fixmap: 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000 ( 896kB)
DMA: 0xffc00000 - 0xffe00000 ( 2 MB)
vmalloc : 0xc4800000 - 0xe0000000 ( 440 MB)
lowmem: 0xc0000000 - 0xc4000000 ( 64 MB)
modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000 ( 16MB)
.init : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0028000 ( 128 kB)
.text : 0xc0028000 - 0xc03e8000 (3840 kB)
.data : 0xc0400000 - 0xc0422b80 ( 139 kB)
Hierarchical RCUimplementation.
RCU-based detection of stalled CPUs isdisabled.
Verbose stalled-CPUs detection isdisabled.
NR_IRQS:85
irq: clearing subpendingstatus 00000002
Console: colour dummy device80x30
console [ttySAC0] enabled
Calibrating delay loop...199.47 BogoMIPS (lpj=498688)
pid_max: default: 32768minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash tableentries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffercoherency: ok
gpiochip_add: gpios 288..303(GPIOK) failed to register
gpiochip_add: gpios 320..334(GPIOL) failed to register
gpiochip_add: gpios 352..353(GPIOM) failed to register
NET: Registered protocolfamily 16
S3C Power Management,Copyright 2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C2440: Initialisingarchitecture
S3C2440: IRQ Support
S3C24XX DMA Driver,Copyright 2003-2006 Simtec Electronics
DMA channel 0 at c4808000,irq 33
DMA channel 1 at c4808040,irq 34
DMA channel 2 at c4808080,irq 35
DMA channel 3 at c48080c0,irq 36
S3C244X: Clock Support, DVSoff
bio: create slab<bio-0> at 0
SCSI subsystem initialized
usbcore: registered newinterface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered newinterface driver hub
usbcore: registered newdevice driver usb
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slaveaddress 0x10
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: busfrequency set to 97 KHz
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0:S3C I2C adapter
Advanced Linux SoundArchitecture Driver Version 1.0.23.
NET: Registered protocolfamily 2
IP route cache hash tableentries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash tableentries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries:2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured(established 2048 bind 2048)
TCP reno registered
UDP hash table entries: 256(order: 0, 4096 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash table entries:256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
NET: Registered protocolfamily 1
RPC: Registered udptransport module.
RPC: Registered tcptransport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1backchannel transport module.
NetWinder Floating PointEmulator V0.97 (extended precision)
JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND)(SUMMARY) 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
ROMFS MTD (C) 2007 Red Hat,Inc.
msgmni has been set to 118
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler deadlineregistered
io scheduler cfq registered(default)
Console: switching to colourframe buffer device 30x40
fb0: s3c2410fb frame bufferdevice
lp: driver loaded but nodevices found
ppdev: user-space parallelport driver
Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4ports, IRQ sharing enabled
s3c2440-uart.0:s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.1:s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.2:s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2440
brd: module loaded
loop: module loaded
Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDEdriver
ide-gd driver 1.18
ide-cd driver 5.00
S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c)2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand:Tacls=1, 10ns Twrph0=3 30ns, Twrph1=1 10ns
s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand:NAND soft ECC
NAND device: ManufacturerID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xda (Samsung NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
Scanning device for badblocks
Bad eraseblock 1043 at0x000008260000
Creating 4 MTD partitions on"NAND":
0x000000000000-0x000000040000: "u-boot"
0x000000040000-0x000000060000: "params"
0x000000060000-0x000000360000: "kernel"
0x000000360000-0x000010000000: "rootfs"
dm9000 Ethernet Driver,V1.31
usbmon: debugfs is notavailable
ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open'Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci:S3C24XX OHCI
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci:new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci:irq 42, io mem 0x49000000
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 2 portsdetected
usbcore: registered newinterface driver libusual
usbcore: registered newinterface driver usbserial
USB Serial supportregistered for generic
usbcore: registered newinterface driver usbserial_generic
usbserial: USB Serial Drivercore
USB Serial supportregistered for FTDI USB Serial Device
usbcore: registered newinterface driver ftdi_sio
ftdi_sio: v1.6.0:USB FTDISerial Converters Driver
USB Serial supportregistered for pl2303
usbcore: registered newinterface driver pl2303
pl2303: Prolific PL2303 USBto serial adaptor driver
mice: PS/2 mouse devicecommon for all mice
S3C24XX RTC, (c) 2004,2006Simtec Electronics
S3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c)2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt:watchdog inactive, reset disabled, irq enabled
No device for DAI UDA134X
No device for DAIs3c24xx-i2s
ALSA device list:
No soundcards found.
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocolfamily 17
drivers/rtc/hctosys.c:unable to open rtc device (rtc0)
yaffs: dev is32505859 name is "mtdblock3" rw
yaffs: passedflags ""
VFS: Mounted root(yaffs2 filesystem) on device 31:3.
Freeing initmemory: 128K
Failed to execute/linuxrc. Attempting defaults...
Kernel panic - notsyncing: No init found. Try passinginit= option to kernel. See Linux Documentation/init.txt for guidance.
[<c002e344>](unwind_backtrace+0x0/0xf0) from [<c02ff798>] (panic+0x54/0x17c)
[<c02ff798>](panic+0x54/0x17c) from [<c002856c>] (init_post+0x9c/0xbc)
[<c002856c>](init_post+0x9c/0xbc) from [<c00085e8>] (kernel_init+0x10c/0x148)
[<c00085e8>](kernel_init+0x10c/0x148) from [<c0029e50>] (kernel_thread_exit+0x0/0x8)
Yaffs文件系统挂载上了，但是没法执行/linuxrc，换回以前的u-boot烧写yaffs文件系统可以正常启动，说明是u-boot的问题。
YAFFS中，文件是以固定大小的数据块进行存储的，块的大小可以是512字节、1 024字节或者2 048字节。这种实现依赖于它能够将一个数据块头和每个数据块关联起来。每个文件（包括目录）都有一个数据块头与之相对应，数据块头中保存了ECC(ErrorCorrection Code)和文件系统的组织信息，用于错误检测和坏块处理。
TQ2440开发板用的NAND FLASH每页2k
用UltraEdit打开刚才烧写的rootfs.yaffs文件和烧到NAND FLASH里的数据对比
在u-boot中执行
TQ2440 # nand dump 360000
Page 00360000 dump:
03 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00
………………………………………………
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
OOB:
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
aa 9a a7 ff f3 03 ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
TQ2440 #
通过对比发现烧到NAND FLASH里的数据和原文件不一致
跟踪u-boot源码common\cmd_nand.c
ret =nand_write_skip_bad(nand, off, &rwsize,
(u_char *)addr, WITH_YAFFS_OOB);
这里传入了一个参数WITH_YAFFS_OOB
drivers\mtd\nand\nand_util.c：nand_write_skip_bad()函数
if (!need_skip &&!(flags & WITH_DROP_FFS)) {
rval = nand_write (nand, offset, length, buffer);
这里如果没有坏块而且没有指定WITH_DROP_FFS标志就执行nand_write (nand, offset,length, buffer);
而我们需要执行write_oob(nand, offset, &ops);所以应该加上之前传入的参数
if (!need_skip &&!(flags & WITH_DROP_FFS) && !(flags &WITH_YAFFS_OOB))
ops.mode = MTD_OOB_RAW; /* 原来为AUTO，应该为原始 */
rval =nand->write_oob(nand, offset, &ops);
if (rval) /* 返回0成功，非0失败，之前那样就只写了第一页 */
break;
重新编译重新烧写yaffs文件系统
TQ2440 # tftp 32000000rootfs.yaffs;nand erase.part rootfs;nand write.yaffs 32000000 rootfs $filesize
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id:0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bitmode
MAC: 00:0c:29:4d:e4:f4
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server172.28.12.60; our IP address is 172.28.12.10
Filename 'rootfs.yaffs'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: T#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#############################################
done
Bytes transferred = 6376128(614ac0 hex)
NAND erase.part: device 0offset 0x360000, size 0xfca0000
Skipping bad block at 0x08260000
Erasing at 0xffe0000 -- 100%complete.
OK
NAND write: device 0 offset0x360000, size 0x614ac0
6376128 bytes written: OK
TQ2440 # res
resetting ...
U-Boot 2012.04.01 (Dec 312012 - 19:45:23)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: *** failed ***
NAND: 256 MiB
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
Hit any key to stopautoboot: 0
NAND read: device 0 offset0x60000, size 0x300000
3145728 bytes read: OK
## Booting kernel fromLegacy Image at 32000000 ...
Image Name:Linux-2.6.36.4
Created:2012-12-31 10:56:09 UTC
Image Type:ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size:2186324 Bytes = 2.1 MiB
Load Address: 30008000
Entry Point:30008000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
Loading Kernel Image ... OK
OK
Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux... done,booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.36.4(root@zjh) (gcc version 4.4.3 (ctng-1.6.1) ) #5 Mon Dec 31 18:55:35 CST 2012
CPU: ARM920T [41129200]revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVTinstruction cache
Machine: SMDK2440
Memory policy: ECC disabled,Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2440A (id 0x32440001)
S3C24XX Clocks, Copyright2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C244X: core 400.000 MHz,memory 100.000 MHz, peripheral 50.000 MHz
CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
Built 1 zonelists in Zoneorder, mobility grouping on. Totalpages: 16256
Kernel command line:root=/dev/mtdblock3 rootfstype=yaffs2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200
PID hash table entries: 256(order: -2, 1024 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries:8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Inode-cache hash tableentries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Memory: 64MB = 64MB total
Memory: 60532k/60532kavailable, 5004k reserved, 0K highmem
Virtual kernel memorylayout:
vector: 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( 4 kB)
fixmap: 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000 ( 896kB)
DMA: 0xffc00000 - 0xffe00000 ( 2 MB)
vmalloc : 0xc4800000 - 0xe0000000 ( 440 MB)
lowmem: 0xc0000000 - 0xc4000000 ( 64 MB)
modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000 ( 16MB)
.init : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0028000 ( 128 kB)
.text : 0xc0028000 - 0xc03e8000 (3840 kB)
.data : 0xc0400000 - 0xc0422b80 ( 139 kB)
Hierarchical RCUimplementation.
RCU-based detection of stalled CPUs isdisabled.
Verbose stalled-CPUs detection isdisabled.
NR_IRQS:85
irq: clearing subpendingstatus 00000002
Console: colour dummy device80x30
console [ttySAC0] enabled
Calibrating delay loop...199.47 BogoMIPS (lpj=498688)
pid_max: default: 32768minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash tableentries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffercoherency: ok
gpiochip_add: gpios 288..303(GPIOK) failed to register
gpiochip_add: gpios 320..334(GPIOL) failed to register
gpiochip_add: gpios 352..353(GPIOM) failed to register
NET: Registered protocolfamily 16
S3C Power Management,Copyright 2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C2440: Initialisingarchitecture
S3C2440: IRQ Support
S3C24XX DMA Driver,Copyright 2003-2006 Simtec Electronics
DMA channel 0 at c4808000, irq33
DMA channel 1 at c4808040,irq 34
DMA channel 2 at c4808080,irq 35
DMA channel 3 at c48080c0,irq 36
S3C244X: Clock Support, DVSoff
bio: create slab<bio-0> at 0
SCSI subsystem initialized
usbcore: registered newinterface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered newinterface driver hub
usbcore: registered newdevice driver usb
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slaveaddress 0x10
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: busfrequency set to 97 KHz
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0:S3C I2C adapter
Advanced Linux SoundArchitecture Driver Version 1.0.23.
NET: Registered protocolfamily 2
IP route cache hash tableentries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash tableentries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries:2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured(established 2048 bind 2048)
TCP reno registered
UDP hash table entries: 256(order: 0, 4096 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash table entries:256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
NET: Registered protocolfamily 1
RPC: Registered udptransport module.
RPC: Registered tcptransport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1backchannel transport module.
NetWinder Floating PointEmulator V0.97 (extended precision)
JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND)(SUMMARY) 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
ROMFS MTD (C) 2007 Red Hat,Inc.
msgmni has been set to 118
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler deadlineregistered
io scheduler cfq registered(default)
Console: switching to colourframe buffer device 30x40
fb0: s3c2410fb frame bufferdevice
lp: driver loaded but nodevices found
ppdev: user-space parallelport driver
Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4ports, IRQ sharing enabled
s3c2440-uart.0:s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.1:s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.2:s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2440
brd: module loaded
loop: module loaded
Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDEdriver
ide-gd driver 1.18
ide-cd driver 5.00
S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c)2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand:Tacls=1, 10ns Twrph0=3 30ns, Twrph1=1 10ns
s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand:NAND soft ECC
NAND device: ManufacturerID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xda (Samsung NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
Scanning device for badblocks
Bad eraseblock 1043 at0x000008260000
Creating 4 MTD partitions on"NAND":
0x000000000000-0x000000040000: "u-boot"
0x000000040000-0x000000060000: "params"
0x000000060000-0x000000360000: "kernel"
0x000000360000-0x000010000000: "rootfs"
dm9000 Ethernet Driver,V1.31
usbmon: debugfs is notavailable
ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open'Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci:S3C24XX OHCI
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci:new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci:irq 42, io mem 0x49000000
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 2 portsdetected
usbcore: registered newinterface driver libusual
usbcore: registered newinterface driver usbserial
USB Serial supportregistered for generic
usbcore: registered newinterface driver usbserial_generic
usbserial: USB Serial Drivercore
USB Serial supportregistered for FTDI USB Serial Device
usbcore: registered newinterface driver ftdi_sio
ftdi_sio: v1.6.0:USB FTDISerial Converters Driver
USB Serial supportregistered for pl2303
usbcore: registered newinterface driver pl2303
pl2303: Prolific PL2303 USBto serial adaptor driver
mice: PS/2 mouse devicecommon for all mice
S3C24XX RTC, (c) 2004,2006Simtec Electronics
S3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c)2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt:watchdog inactive, reset disabled, irq enabled
No device for DAI UDA134X
No device for DAIs3c24xx-i2s
ALSA device list:
No soundcards found.
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocolfamily 17
drivers/rtc/hctosys.c:unable to open rtc device (rtc0)
yaffs: dev is 32505859 nameis "mtdblock3" rw
yaffs: passed flags""
VFS: Mounted root(yaffs2 filesystem) on device 31:3.
Freeing init memory: 128K
Please press Enter toactivate this console.
Processing /etc/profile...
Done
[root@tq2440 /]#
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